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Cold range: what the evidence base looks like

11 publications, 0 of them trials and 0 syntheses. This page describes the shape of that literature rather than summarising its conclusions.

Updated 3 min read 11 citations

Curved bridge carrying a road between low rocky islets on the Norwegian coast
CHG · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
What the evidence on cold range is made of Of 11 publications on this topic, the breakdown by study type: 11 other. 11other (11)
11 publications, by study type. Volume is not strength — the same count can be a settled question or a pile of commentary, and which one it is depends almost entirely on this breakdown. Harvested from PubMed and Crossref; publication type as recorded by the source.

What this literature is made of

A reasonable volume of literature, but weighted towards reviews and observational work rather than trials. That is enough to describe a phenomenon and rarely enough to establish that an intervention works.

The distinction that matters most is between synthesis and primary research. A meta-analysis pools trials and is the closest thing to a settled answer a field produces. A narrative review is one group's reading of the same material and can be selective without being dishonest. Counting them together, which most citation counts do, obscures exactly the thing you want to know.

When the cold range literature was published Publication years for the 11 papers on this topic, grouped into bands from before 2015 through to 2023 onwards. 2023 onwards7 papers2020-20223 papers2015-20191 papers
Still active. The most recent paper here is from 2026, so this is a field where an answer written today may not hold for long. Publication years as recorded by PubMed and Crossref.

How this page is built

Everything above is computed from the citations this site harvested from PubMed and Crossref, not written by hand. When the weekly harvest finds a new paper on this topic, these counts change and the characterisation changes with them. That is the point: a hand-written claim about how strong an evidence base is starts decaying the day it is written.

Publication type is taken as the source records it. That is imperfect — journals label inconsistently, and a paper indexed as a "review" may be a systematic one — so treat the bands as approximate. They are accurate enough to distinguish a trial literature from a commentary literature, which is the distinction that matters.

Tread pattern of a studded winter tyre photographed close up
Santeri Viinamäki · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

The strongest work on this topic

Ordered by study design first, then recency. The full set is listed in the references below.

  1. Effect of Low Temperature on Electric Vehicle Range — Steinstraeter M, Heinrich T, Lienkamp M, 2021, journal article
  2. Analysis of Heating System Impacts on Battery Electric Vehicle Operation at Cold Temperatures — Humphries K, Loiselle-Lapointe A, 2026, journal article
  3. Revisiting Electric Mobility: How Individual Perceived Value Shapes Battery Electric Vehicle Adoption—Insights into Technophilia, Range Anxiety, and Battery Cost in China — Jia H, Zhao H, Uchiyama Y, 2026, journal article
  4. Energy Consumption and Efficiency Analysis of Electric Vehicle Battery Heating Strategy — Li J, 2025, journal article
  5. Extreme cold‐weather battery thermal management for optimal electric vehicle performance — Ruhatiya C, Gandra R, Kondaiah P et al., 2023, journal article
  6. Optimizing Electric Vehicle Battery Performance: Comprehensive Study of Battery Heating Challenges and Sustainable Battery Swapping System — Ramya P, Nagesh R, Murugesh Dodakundi, 2023, journal article
  7. Investigation of the Liquid Cooling and Heating of a Lithium-Ion Battery Package for an Electric Vehicle — Wang D, Xie J, 2023, journal article
  8. Fuzzy Logic Control of External Heating System for Electric Vehicle Batteries at Low Temperature — Zhang S, Li T, Chen L, 2023, journal article
  9. The Revealed Preference for Battery Electric Vehicle Range — Fridstrøm L, Østli V, 2022, journal article
  10. Heating Detection and Temperature Control Method of Power Lithium Battery in Pure Electric Vehicle — Et al. G, 2021, journal article
How much research is there on cold range?
11 publications are indexed here, of which 0 are trials and 0 are syntheses.
Does more research mean a stronger conclusion?
No. Composition matters more than volume — five randomised trials support a claim far better than fifty commentaries, and citation counts do not distinguish between them.
How current is this?
The most recent paper indexed here is from 2026. The set is refreshed weekly from PubMed and Crossref.
Why does this page not tell me the answer?
Because summarising a literature into a conclusion requires reading it, and doing that automatically is how confident nonsense gets published. This page tells you how much weight a conclusion could bear; the articles on this site do the interpreting.

References

Every citation below links to the original peer-reviewed record on PubMed or via DOI. Nothing here is a substitute for medical advice.

  1. Effect of Low Temperature on Electric Vehicle Range Steinstraeter M, Heinrich T, Lienkamp M · World Electric Vehicle Journal · 2021 · Journal article DOI
  2. Analysis of Heating System Impacts on Battery Electric Vehicle Operation at Cold Temperatures Humphries K, Loiselle-Lapointe A · World Electric Vehicle Journal · 2026 · Journal article DOI
  3. Revisiting Electric Mobility: How Individual Perceived Value Shapes Battery Electric Vehicle Adoption—Insights into Technophilia, Range Anxiety, and Battery Cost in China Jia H, Zhao H, Uchiyama Y · World Electric Vehicle Journal · 2026 · Journal article DOI
  4. Energy Consumption and Efficiency Analysis of Electric Vehicle Battery Heating Strategy Li J · Journal of Safety Science and Engineering · 2025 · Journal article DOI
  5. Extreme cold‐weather battery thermal management for optimal electric vehicle performance Ruhatiya C, Gandra R, Kondaiah P, et al. · Energy Storage · 2023 · Journal article DOI
  6. Fuzzy Logic Control of External Heating System for Electric Vehicle Batteries at Low Temperature Zhang S, Li T, Chen L · World Electric Vehicle Journal · 2023 · Journal article DOI
  7. Investigation of the Liquid Cooling and Heating of a Lithium-Ion Battery Package for an Electric Vehicle Wang D, Xie J · World Electric Vehicle Journal · 2023 · Journal article DOI
  8. Optimizing Electric Vehicle Battery Performance: Comprehensive Study of Battery Heating Challenges and Sustainable Battery Swapping System Ramya P, Nagesh R, Murugesh Dodakundi · Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology · 2023 · Journal article DOI
  9. The Revealed Preference for Battery Electric Vehicle Range Fridstrøm L, Østli V · Findings · 2022 · Journal article DOI
  10. Heating Detection and Temperature Control Method of Power Lithium Battery in Pure Electric Vehicle Et al. G · CONVERTER · 2021 · Journal article DOI
  11. Scaling Trends of Electric Vehicle Performance: Driving Range, Fuel Economy, Peak Power Output, and Temperature Effect Jung H, Silva R, Han M · World Electric Vehicle Journal · 2018 · Journal article DOI